💻 PGDCA101 – Computer Fundamentals

Course Details:

• Course Code – PGDCA101
• Course Name – Computer Fundamentals
• Credit – 04
• L:T:P – 03:01:00

📚 MODULE 1 : COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

Unit – 1.1 : Introduction to Computers

• Definition of Computer
• Characteristics of Computers
• Speed, Accuracy and Storage Capacity
• Automation and Versatility

Unit – 1.2 : Evolution of Computer

• Generations of Computers
• Development of Computer Technology
• Vacuum Tubes to Artificial Intelligence

Unit – 1.3 : ALU, CU and CPU

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Functions of CPU Components

Unit – 1.4 : Input, Output and Storage Unit

• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices
• Functions of Storage Unit

Unit – 1.5 : Types of Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
• PROM, EPROM and EEPROM
• Cache Memory
• Primary and Secondary Memory

Unit – 1.6 : System Concepts

• Definition of System
• Components of Computer System
• Data and Information

Unit – 1.7 : Classification of Computers

• Analog Computers
• Digital Computers
• Hybrid Computers
• Micro, Mini, Mainframe and Super Computers

📚 MODULE 2 : DIGITAL SYSTEM AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

Unit – 2.1 : Digital Systems and Number System

• Overview of Digital Systems
• Applications of Digital Systems
• Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal Number Systems
• Number Representation and Conversion

Unit – 2.2 : Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

• BCD Representation
• BCD Conversion Techniques
• Applications of BCD

Unit – 2.3 : Boolean Algebra Fundamentals

• Basic Concepts of Boolean Algebra
• Logic Variables and Operations
• AND, OR and NOT Operations

Unit – 2.4 : Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra

• Boolean Laws
• Commutative and Associative Laws
• De Morgan’s Theorem
• Identity and Complement Laws

Unit – 2.5 : Boolean Function

• Representation of Boolean Functions
• Truth Tables
• Logic Expressions

Unit – 2.6 : Canonical and Standard Forms

• Minterm and Maxterm
• Canonical SOP and POS Forms
• Standard Boolean Expressions

📚 MODULE 3 : GATE-LEVEL MINIMIZATION

Unit – 3.1 : Introduction

• Concept of Logic Simplification
• Importance of Minimization

Unit – 3.2 : Map Method

• Introduction to Map Method
• Grouping Techniques
• Logic Simplification using Maps

Unit – 3.3 : Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps)

• K-Map Representation
• Simplification of Boolean Expressions
• 2-variable, 3-variable and 4-variable K-Maps

Unit – 3.4 : Product of Sums Simplification

• POS Simplification
• Minimization Techniques

Unit – 3.5 : Don’t Care Conditions

• Meaning of Don’t Care Terms
• Use in K-Map Simplification

Unit – 3.6 : NAND and NOR Implementation

• Universal Gates
• NAND Gate Implementation
• NOR Gate Implementation

📚 MODULE 4 : COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Unit – 4.1 : Introduction to Software

• Definition of Software
• Importance of Software
• Software Categories

Unit – 4.2 : Hardware and Software Relationship

• Interaction between Hardware and Software
• System Performance and Coordination

Unit – 4.3 : Types of Software

• System Software
• Application Software
• Utility Software

Unit – 4.4 : Logical System Architecture

• Concept of System Architecture
• Layers of Computer System

Unit – 4.5 : Firmware and Middleware

• Definition of Firmware
• Definition of Middleware
• Applications and Uses

Unit – 4.6 : Pre-written and Customized Software

• Packaged Software
• Customized Software
• Advantages and Limitations

📚 MODULE 5 : CYBER SECURITY

Unit – 5.1 : Introduction to Cyber Security

• Meaning and Importance of Cyber Security
• Working of Cyber Security
• Challenges in Cyber Security
• Cyber Laws

Unit – 5.2 : Types of Cyber Attacks

• Malware Attacks
• Phishing
• DDoS Attacks
• Password Attacks
• Man in the Middle Attack
• SQL Injection
• Prevention Techniques

Unit – 5.3 : Future Trends in Cyber Security

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• Cloud Security
• Internet of Things (IoT) Security
• Quantum Security
• 5G Security

Unit – 5.4 : Emerging Trends in Digital Media

• Influencer Marketing
• Omnichannel Marketing
• Artificial Intelligence in Media
• Deep Fake Videos
• Video Marketing
• Metaverse
• Chatbots

📝 Examination Topics

• Computer Organization and Components
• Number System and Boolean Algebra
• K-Map and Logic Simplification
• Computer Software Concepts
• Cyber Security and Digital Trends

📌 Key Features of Course

• Understanding of Computer Fundamentals
• Knowledge of Digital Electronics Basics
• Boolean Algebra and Logic Design Skills
• Awareness of Software and System Architecture
• Cyber Security and Modern Digital Technology Concepts

💻 PGDCA102 – Programming in C

Course Details:

• Course Code – PGDCA102
• Course Name – Programming in C
• Credit – 04
• L:T:P – 03:01:00

📚 MODULE 1 : ALGORITHM, FLOW CHART AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Unit – 1.1 : Introduction to Algorithm and Flowchart

• Definition of Algorithm
• Characteristics of Algorithm
• Flowchart Symbols and Representation
• Advantages of Flowcharts

Unit – 1.2 : Types of Software and Programming Languages

• System Software
• Application Software
• Low Level and High Level Languages
• Compiler and Interpreter

Unit – 1.3 : Introduction to C

• History and Features of C
• Structure of a C Program
• Preprocessor Directives
• Main Function and Program Execution

Unit – 1.4 : Tokens, Data Types and Operators

• C Tokens and Keywords
• Variables and Constants
• Data Types in C
• Format Specifiers
• Arithmetic, Relational and Logical Operators

Unit – 1.5 : Header Files

• Definition of Header Files
• Standard Header Files
• User-defined Header Files
• Use of #include Directive

📚 MODULE 2 : CONTROL STATEMENTS, ARRAY AND STRING

Unit – 2.1 : Control Statements

• Definition of Control Statements
• Types of Control Statements
• Sequential and Decision Making Statements

Unit – 2.2 : Branching, Looping and Jumping Statements

• if, if-else and switch Statements
• for, while and do-while Loops
• break, continue and goto Statements

Unit – 2.3 : Arrays

• One Dimensional Array
• Two Dimensional Array
• Multidimensional Array
• Array Initialization and Access

Unit – 2.4 : Character Arrays

• Initialization of Character Arrays
• Reading and Writing Strings
• String Input and Output Functions

Unit – 2.5 : String Manipulation Functions

• strlen()
• strcpy()
• strcat()
• strcmp()
• Other String Handling Functions

📚 MODULE 3 : FUNCTION AND POINTER

Unit – 3.1 : Functions

• Introduction to Functions
• Types of Functions
• Function Declaration and Definition
• Function Calling

Unit – 3.2 : Nested Function and Recursion

• Nested Function Concept
• Recursive Functions
• Advantages and Applications of Recursion

Unit – 3.3 : Passing Array as Function Parameter

• Passing One Dimensional Array
• Passing Two Dimensional Array
• Array Processing through Functions

Unit – 3.4 : Pointer and Array

• Introduction to Pointers
• Pointer Expressions
• Pointers with Arrays and Strings
• Array of Pointers

Unit – 3.5 : Pointer and Function

• Pointer as Function Parameter
• Call by Address
• Function using Pointers

📚 MODULE 4 : STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION

Unit – 4.1 : Array of Structure and Array within Structure

• Definition of Structure
• Array of Structures
• Nested Arrays in Structure

Unit – 4.2 : Structure within Structure

• Nested Structures
• Accessing Nested Structure Members

Unit – 4.3 : Structure and Function

• Passing Structure to Functions
• Returning Structure from Functions
• Structure as Function Parameter

Unit – 4.4 : Memory Allocation Concept

• Static and Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Memory Management Basics

Unit – 4.5 : Dynamic Memory Allocation

• malloc()
• calloc()
• free()
• realloc()
• Applications of Dynamic Memory

📚 MODULE 5 : FILE HANDLING

Unit – 5.1 : Introduction to File Concept

• Definition of File
• Opening and Closing Files
• File Modes

Unit – 5.2 : Input/Output Operations in File

• Reading from File
• Writing into File
• File Handling Functions

Unit – 5.3 : Error Handling during I/O Operations

• Error Detection in File Handling
• EOF Handling
• Error Functions in C

Unit – 5.4 : Random Access File

• Random File Access Concept
• fseek(), ftell() and rewind()
• Applications of Random Access Files

📝 Examination Topics

• Algorithm and Flowchart Concepts
• C Programming Basics
• Control Statements and Arrays
• Functions and Pointers
• Structures and Dynamic Memory Allocation
• File Handling in C

📌 Key Features of Course

• Strong Foundation in C Programming
• Problem Solving using Algorithms
• Understanding of Arrays and Strings
• Knowledge of Pointers and Functions
• Practical Skills in File Handling

🗄️ PGDCA104 – Database Management System Concepts

Course Details:

• Course Code – PGDCA104
• Course Name – Database Management System Concepts
• Credit – 04
• L:T:P – 03:01:00

📚 MODULE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Unit – 1.1 : Introduction and Purpose of Database

• Definition of Database
• Purpose of Database Systems
• Advantages of DBMS
• Traditional File System vs DBMS

Unit – 1.2 : View of Data

• Data Abstraction
• Instances and Schemas
• Levels of Data Abstraction
• Data Models

Unit – 1.3 : Database Languages

• DDL (Data Definition Language)
• DML (Data Manipulation Language)
• Examples of SQL Commands

Unit – 1.4 : Database Architecture

• Two-tier Architecture
• Three-tier Architecture
• Client-Server Environment

Unit – 1.5 : Database Users and Administrator

• Types of Database Users
• Role of Database Administrator (DBA)
• Functions and Responsibilities

Unit – 1.6 : Introduction to Modern Data Concepts

• Data Mining
• Data Warehouse
• Big Data
• Data Analytics

📚 MODULE 2 : DATA MODELING AND DATABASE DESIGN

Unit – 2.1 : Design Process

• Database Design Process
• Requirement Collection and Analysis
• Conceptual and Logical Design

Unit – 2.2 : E-R Model

• Introduction to Entity Relationship Model
• Entities and Attributes
• Relationships

Unit – 2.3 : Constraints

• Domain Constraints
• Key Constraints
• Entity Integrity
• Referential Integrity

Unit – 2.4 : E-R Diagram

• Components of E-R Diagram
• Symbols and Representation
• Drawing E-R Diagrams

Unit – 2.5 : Weak and Strong Entity Set

• Strong Entity Set
• Weak Entity Set
• Identifying Relationship

📚 MODULE 3 : RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN

Unit – 3.1 : Extended E-R Features

• Generalization
• Specialization
• Inheritance Concepts

Unit – 3.2 : Constraints on Specialization

• Disjoint Constraints
• Overlap Constraints
• Total and Partial Participation

Unit – 3.3 : Relational Model Structure

• Relations and Tuples
• Attributes and Domains
• Relational Database Structure

Unit – 3.4 : Database Schema

• Definition of Schema
• Logical and Physical Schema
• Schema Design

Unit – 3.5 : Keys in Database

• Super Key
• Candidate Key
• Primary Key
• Foreign Key

Unit – 3.6 : Schema Diagram

• Representation of Database Schema
• Schema Relationships
• Diagram Interpretation

Unit – 3.7 : Conversion of E-R to Relational Model

• Entity to Relation Conversion
• Relationship Mapping
• Handling Constraints during Conversion

🛠️ PRACTICAL MODULE

📚 MODULE 4 : MANAGING DATABASE AND TABLE

Unit – 4.1 : Database Operations

• SELECT Database
• CREATE Database
• DROP Database

Unit – 4.2 : Table Operations

• CREATE Table
• RENAME Table
• ALTER Table
• TRUNCATE Table
• DROP Table

Unit – 4.3 : Data Types

• BIT
• BOOLEAN
• CHAR and VARCHAR
• DATE and DATETIME
• DECIMAL

Unit – 4.4 : Record Operations

• INSERT Records
• UPDATE Records
• DELETE Records

Unit – 4.5 : Constraints

• PRIMARY KEY Constraint
• FOREIGN KEY Constraint
• UNIQUE Constraint
• NOT NULL Constraint
• DEFAULT Constraint
• CHECK Constraint

📚 MODULE 5 : SQL QUERIES AND FUNCTIONS

Unit – 5.1 : Basic SQL Queries

• SELECT Statement
• ORDER BY Clause
• WHERE Clause
• SELECT DISTINCT

Unit – 5.2 : SQL Operators

• AND and OR Operators
• IN Operator
• BETWEEN Operator
• LIKE Operator
• LIMIT Clause
• IS NULL Operator

Unit – 5.3 : SQL Functions

• Numeric Functions
• String Functions
• Date Functions

Unit – 5.4 : Joins

• INNER JOIN
• LEFT JOIN
• RIGHT JOIN
• SELF JOIN

Unit – 5.5 : Aggregate Functions

• GROUP BY Clause
• HAVING Clause
• MIN()
• MAX()
• AVG()
• SUM()
• COUNT()

Unit – 5.6 : Sub-query

• Definition of Sub-query
• Nested Queries
• Applications of Sub-query

📝 Examination Topics

• Database Concepts and Architecture
• E-R Model and Relational Model
• Database Design and Constraints
• SQL Commands and Queries
• Joins and Aggregate Functions
• Database Management Operations

📌 Key Features of Course

• Understanding of DBMS Fundamentals
• Knowledge of Database Design Techniques
• Practical Skills in SQL Queries
• Hands-on Experience in Table Management
• Concepts of Modern Data Technologies

💻 PGDCA205 – Operating System Fundamentals

Course Details:

• Course Code – PGDCA205
• Course Name – Operating System Fundamentals
• Credit – 04
• L:T:P – 03:01:00

📚 MODULE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

Unit – 1.1 : Definition and Functions of Operating System

• Definition of Operating System
• Functions of OS
• Resource Management
• User Interface Management
• Process and Memory Control

Unit – 1.2 : Types of Operating System

• Batch Operating System
• Time-Sharing Operating System
• Real-Time Operating System
• Distributed Operating System
• Embedded Operating System

Unit – 1.3 : System Call and Interface

• Concept of System Calls
• Types of System Calls
• User Interface and Command Interface
• API and OS Interaction

Unit – 1.4 : Role of Operating System

• OS in Computing Environment
• Hardware and Software Coordination
• Performance and Resource Allocation
• Security and Multi-user Support

Unit – 1.5 : OS Structure

• Monolithic Architecture
• Microkernel Architecture
• Hybrid Architecture
• Advantages and Limitations

📚 MODULE 2 : OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICES

Unit – 2.1 : Process Management and Scheduling

• Process Creation and Termination
• CPU Scheduling
• Multitasking and Multiprocessing

Unit – 2.2 : Memory Management

• Main Memory Management
• Allocation and Deallocation
• Virtual Memory Concept

Unit – 2.3 : File Systems

• File Organization
• Directory Structure
• File Access Methods

Unit – 2.4 : I/O Management

• Input and Output Devices
• Buffering and Spooling
• I/O Scheduling

Unit – 2.5 : Device Drivers

• Definition of Device Drivers
• Types of Drivers
• Role in Hardware Communication

Unit – 2.6 : Security and Protection

• User Authentication
• Access Control
• Data Protection
• System Security Mechanisms

📚 MODULE 3 : PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Unit – 3.1 : Processes, Threads and Programs

• Concept of Program and Process
• Threads and Multithreading
• Difference between Process and Thread

Unit – 3.2 : Process State Model

• New State
• Ready State
• Running State
• Waiting and Terminated State

Unit – 3.3 : Process Scheduling and CPU Scheduling Algorithms

• FCFS Scheduling
• SJF Scheduling
• Priority Scheduling
• Round Robin Scheduling
• CPU Scheduling Criteria

Unit – 3.4 : Context Switching

• Definition of Context Switching
• Process Switching Mechanism
• Advantages and Overhead

📚 MODULE 4 : MEMORY MANAGEMENT

Unit – 4.1 : Contiguous Memory Allocation

• Single Partition Allocation
• Multiple Partition Allocation
• Fixed and Dynamic Partitioning

Unit – 4.2 : Paging Techniques

• Swapping
• Paging
• Segmentation
• Internal and External Fragmentation

Unit – 4.3 : Demand Paging

• Concept of Demand Paging
• Page Fault Handling
• Advantages of Demand Paging

Unit – 4.4 : Page Replacement

• FIFO Page Replacement
• LRU Algorithm
• Optimal Page Replacement
• Page Replacement Techniques

Unit – 4.5 : Virtual Memory

• Concept of Virtual Memory
• Benefits of Virtual Memory
• Address Translation

📚 MODULE 5 : LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

Unit – 5.1 : Introduction to Linux

• History of Linux
• Features of Linux
• Linux Distributions

Unit – 5.2 : Linux File System & Directory Structure

• Linux File System Hierarchy
• Important Directories
• File Permissions

Unit – 5.3 : Linux Commands

• Basic Linux Commands
• User and Group Management
• Process Management Commands

Unit – 5.4 : Shell Scripting

• Basics of Shell Scripting
• Variables in Shell
• Loops and Conditional Statements
• Creating and Executing Scripts

Unit – 5.5 : VI Editor

• Introduction to VI Editor
• Modes of VI Editor
• Editing and Saving Files
• Basic VI Commands

📝 Examination Topics

• Operating System Basics
• Process and Memory Management
• CPU Scheduling Algorithms
• Paging and Virtual Memory
• Linux Commands and Shell Scripting
• File System and Security Concepts

📌 Key Features of Course

• Understanding of Operating System Concepts
• Knowledge of Process and Memory Handling
• Hands-on Linux Basics
• Shell Scripting Fundamentals
• Practical Understanding of OS Services

🖥️ PGDCA106 – Office Automation

Course Details:

• Course Code – PGDCA106
• Course Name – Office Automation
• Credit – 04
• L:T:P – 00:00:04

📚 MODULE 1 : WORD PROCESSING

Unit – 1.1 : Working with Documents

• Opening Documents
• Saving and Editing Files
• Inserting and Deleting Files
• Basic Document Management

Unit – 1.2 : Margins and File Conversion

• Setting Page Margins
• Using Toolbar Options
• Converting Files into Different Formats

Unit – 1.3 : Page Style and Formatting

• Page Style Settings
• Text Alignment and Indentation
• Line Spacing
• Border and Shading

Unit – 1.4 : Header and Footer

• Creating Header and Footer
• Page Numbering
• Customizing Header/Footer

Unit – 1.5 : Drawing and Graphics

• Inserting Clip Arts
• Adding Pictures and Files
• Drawing Tools and Shapes

Unit – 1.6 : Word Completion and Spell Check

• Auto Correct Features
• Spell Check and Grammar Check
• Word Completion Tools

Unit – 1.7 : Mail Merge

• Introduction to Mail Merge
• Creating Letters and Labels
• Using Data Sources in Mail Merge

📚 MODULE 2 : SPREAD SHEET

Unit – 2.1 : Spreadsheet and Applications

• Introduction to Spreadsheet
• Applications of Spreadsheet Software
• Uses in Data Management

Unit – 2.2 : Working with Spreadsheet

• Opening and Saving Spreadsheet Files
• File Settings and Workbook Management

Unit – 2.3 : Spreadsheet Addressing

• Rows, Columns and Cells
• Cell Referencing
• Relative and Absolute Referencing

Unit – 2.4 : Inserting Data

• Insert Cells
• Insert Rows and Columns
• Insert Worksheets

Unit – 2.5 : External Files and Objects

• Frames and Clipart
• Inserting Pictures
• Using External Files

Unit – 2.6 : Formula Tab

• Basic Formulas
• Functions in Spreadsheet
• Mathematical and Logical Operations

📚 MODULE 3 : PRESENTATION

Unit – 3.1 : Introduction to Presentation

• Opening New Presentation
• Creating Presentation Slides
• Presentation Basics

Unit – 3.2 : Presentation Layout

• Selecting Presentation Layout
• Different Slide Layouts
• Customizing Layouts

Unit – 3.3 : Adding Text to Presentation

• Text Boxes
• Formatting Text
• Bullets and Numbering

Unit – 3.4 : Header and Footer

• Adding Header and Footer
• Date and Slide Number
• Footer Customization

Unit – 3.5 : Slide Layout

• Changing Slide Design
• Slide Arrangement
• Theme and Templates

Unit – 3.6 : Graphics, Animation and Transition

• Adding Graphics and Pictures
• Animation Effects
• Slide Transition Effects
• Multimedia Integration

📚 MODULE 4 : DATABASE

Unit – 4.1 : Introduction to MS Access

• Overview of Database Concepts
• Components of MS Access
• Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports

Unit – 4.2 : Tables and Data Types

• Creating and Designing Tables
• Field Types and Properties
• Primary Keys
• Relationships between Tables

📚 MODULE 5 : QUERY AND REPORT

Unit – 5.1 : Queries and Data Retrieval

• Select Queries
• Action Queries
• Parameter Queries
• Using Criteria and Expressions
• Data Filtering Techniques

Unit – 5.2 : Forms and Reports

• Designing User-friendly Forms
• Generating Reports
• Formatting Reports
• Data Presentation Techniques

📝 Practical Topics

• Document Formatting and Mail Merge
• Spreadsheet Formula and Functions
• Presentation Design and Animation
• MS Access Database Management
• Query Creation and Report Generation

📌 Key Features of Course

• Practical Knowledge of Office Tools
• Hands-on Experience in MS Word, Excel and PowerPoint
• Basic Database Management Skills
• Spreadsheet Formula and Data Analysis
• Professional Document and Report Preparation