Understanding cybersecurity concepts, types of cyber threats, malware overview, CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability), cybercrime scenarios, security principles and best practices.

Understanding OSI & TCP/IP models, IP addressing, ports and protocols, DNS, DHCP, firewalls, routers & switches basics, network scanning fundamentals, packet flow understanding.

Footprinting and reconnaissance, scanning and enumeration, vulnerability identification, penetration testing phases, legal & ethical issues, hacker types (white, black, grey hat).

Introduction to Kali Linux, terminal commands, Nmap scanning techniques, Hydra password attacks, Metasploit basics, Wireshark packet analysis, exploitation framework overview.

SQL Injection basics, XSS attacks, CSRF concept, brute force attacks, MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attack basics, sniffing & spoofing, session hijacking fundamentals.

Firewall configuration, antivirus tools, password hygiene, encryption basics, securing networks, patch management, secure browsing methods, phishing prevention strategies.

Scanning a test network, analyzing packets using Wireshark, performing basic attacks in a safe environment, generating vulnerability assessment report, preparing cybersecurity documentation.