💻 Advanced Operating System

Course Overview:

• Operating System Structures and Architecture
• File System and Storage Management
• Process and Memory Management
• Security, Protection and Virtualization
• Distributed, Network and Embedded Systems
• Linux and Microsoft Windows Case Study

📚 OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURES

• Introduction to Operating Systems
• Computer System Organization and Architecture
• Operating System Components and Layered Structure
• System Services and System Calls
• Booting Process and Role of OS in Booting
• Resource Allocation and Management
• Security and Protection Mechanisms
• Distributed Systems and Network Systems
• Kernel Concept and Kernel Architecture
• Different Types of Operating Systems
• Proprietary and Open-Source Operating Systems

📚 FILE SYSTEM

• Files and Access Methods
• Directory Structure and Protection Mechanisms
• Partitions, Simple Volumes, Shadow Volumes, and Virtual Disks
• Memory-Mapped Files
• File System Structure and Operations
• Allocation Methods and Free Space Management
• Efficiency, Performance, and Recovery Mechanisms
• UNIX File System Overview
• File System Mounting and Partition Management
• File Sharing and Virtual File Systems
• Remote and Network File Systems

📚 PROCESS MANAGEMENT

• Concept of Processes, States, and Characteristics
• Process Scheduling and Operations on Processes
• Cooperating Processes and Interprocess Communication (IPC)
• Message Passing vs Shared Memory Systems
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing
• Background Processes and Scheduling Criteria
• CPU Scheduling Algorithms and Context Switching
• Multiple Processor and Real-Time Scheduling
• Algorithm Evaluation Techniques
• Threading Concepts, Models, Scheduling, and Issues

📚 PROCESS SYNCHRONIZATION

• Critical Section Problem and Peterson’s Solution
• Synchronization Hardware and Mutex Locks
• Semaphores and Monitors
• Critical Regions and Classical Synchronization Problems
• Bounded Buffer Problem
• Dining Philosophers Problem
• Readers-Writers Problem
• Deadlock Characterization and Handling
• Deadlock Prevention, Avoidance, and Detection
• Recovery from Deadlock
• Deadlocks in Multithreaded Environments
• Lock-Free Programming Concepts

📚 MEMORY MANAGEMENT

• Logical vs Physical Address Space
• Contiguous Memory Allocation and Paging
• Swapping and Page Tables
• Segmentation and Segmentation with Paging
• Virtual Memory Concepts and Demand Paging
• Performance of Demand Paging and Copy-on-Write
• Page Replacement Algorithms and Frame Allocation
• Thrashing and Demand Segmentation
• Memory Compression Techniques
• Allocating Kernel Memory

📚 STORAGE MANAGEMENT

• Mass Storage Structure
• Disk Management and Scheduling
• Swap Space Management
• RAID Structure and Levels
• Disk Structure and Error Detection
• Error Correction Methods
• HDD and NVM Scheduling
• Swap Space Techniques and RAID Implementation

📚 SECURITY AND PROTECTION

• Program, System, and Network Threats
• Threat Monitoring and Cryptography for Encryption
• VPN and Protocol Security
• Access Control Lists (ACLs, DACLs)
• Auditing and Policy Management
• User Account Control (UAC)
• Goals and Domains of Protection
• Protection Rings and Access Matrix Implementation
• Revocation of Access Rights
• Role-Based and Mandatory Access Control (RBAC and MAC)
• Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux)

📚 VIRTUALIZATION

• Introduction to Virtualization and Its Benefits
• Characteristics and Types of Virtual Machines
• Implementation of Virtual Machines
• Virtualization and OS Components
• VMware and Virtualization Security
• Types of Hypervisors
• Cloud Computing Concepts and Virtualization Integration
• Introduction to Docker Containers

📚 DISTRIBUTED, NETWORK, AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

• Design Issues in Distributed Operating Systems
• Network Structure and Distributed File Systems
• Naming and Transparency in Distributed Systems
• Remote File Access and Replication
• Stateful vs Stateless Services
• Distributed Coordination and Event Ordering
• Mutual Exclusion and Atomicity
• Concurrency Control and Deadlock Handling
• Election Algorithms and Reaching Agreement
• Embedded OS: Types, Characteristics, Advantages, and Disadvantages
• Tasks in Real-Time Systems and Goals of RTOS
• Types of RTOS: Hard, Soft, and Firm
• Working with RTOS and ARM-Based Embedded Systems
• Operating Systems in Handheld Devices (Android, VxWorks, Windows for IoT)

📚 CASE STUDY : LINUX SYSTEM AND MICROSOFT WINDOWS

Linux System

• Linux History and Architecture
• System Calls in Linux with Examples
• Process Management and Commands in Linux
• Scheduling Algorithms in Linux
• Memory Management in Linux
• File System Components and Directory Commands
• Linux Security using ACL and Related Commands
• Password and Shadow Files in Linux
• Device Management Commands
• System Administration Roles and Commands

Microsoft Windows

• Windows Evolution and Design Principles
• Windows System Components and File System
• Virtual and Physical Memory in Windows
• Networking, Terminal Services, and Remote Desktop
• Windows Process Control and File Management
• Multitasking OS and Plug & Play Features
• User Account Management and Cortana Assistant
• Windows Security and Control Panel Operations

📝 Key Learning Areas

• Operating System Design and Architecture
• Process Scheduling and Synchronization
• Advanced Memory and Storage Management
• Virtualization and Cloud Integration
• Linux and Windows Administration Basics
• Distributed and Embedded Operating Systems
• Security and Protection Mechanisms